LL-37 at a glance
A fast read for beginners, with evidence strength, route context, safety depth, and community activity surfaced before the deeper sections.
LL-37 is the only cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide expressed in humans, derived from the cleavage of the precursor protein hCAP18. It is found in neutrophils, keratinocytes, epithelial cells, and plasma, and serves as a critical first-line defense against bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. Its name reflects its 37-amino acid length and leucine-leucine N-terminal residues.
Beyond direct antimicrobial activity - disrupting microbial membranes and combating biofilms - LL-37 acts as an immune modulator, recruiting immune cells to infection sites, stimulating angiogenesis, and promoting wound closure. Deficiency in LL-37 is associated with recurrent skin infections in atopic dermatitis and poor wound healing in chronic wounds.
Exogenous LL-37 is being explored clinically for chronic wound management, antibiotic-resistant infections, and as a potential adjunct in cancer immunotherapy. Its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and tolerability make it a unique peptide at the intersection of innate immunity and tissue repair.
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